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The birth of the Christian Religion
Christianity began with the teaching of Jesus Christ as the main character of this religion. Jesus born in Bethlehem city located in Palestine around the year 4-8 BC, during the reign of King Herod. Jesus was born from the womb of a virgin woman, Mary, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit. Since the age of thirty years, during three years of Jesus' preaching and doing miracles in many people, along with the twelve apostles. Jesus is increasingly popular hated by the Pharisees, who then conspired to crucify Jesus. Jesus died on the cross at the age of 33 years and rose from the grave on the third day after his death. After his resurrection, Jesus still lives in the world around forty days, before then ascended to heaven.
First Church
The main article for this section are: the early Church
After the rising of Jesus Christ to heaven, the apostles began to spread the teachings of Jesus everywhere, and as a result, the first Christian church, a number about three thousand men, were baptized. However, in the early days of inception, Christianity tends to be regarded as a threat to constantly pursued and persecuted by the Roman government at that time. Many Fathers of the Church who are victims of cruelty of the Roman Empire by becoming a martyr, that is willing to be tortured or sentenced to death for the sake of maintaining his faith, one example is Ignatius of Antioch who was sentenced to death by lions used as food.
At that time, confidence is growing in Roman paganism, where there is the concept of 'direct remuneration'. But with the onslaught of the apostles to spread Christianity, the religion slowly began to grow in number, so the Roman government increasingly threatened by the existence of the Christian religion. Roman tried to suppress, and even banning Christianity, because Christianity was not willing to worship the Emperor, and it is difficult for Roman power. In addition, paganism and predictions since the days of the Republic has been used as tools of propaganda and justification for any behavior or reason for the failure of the ruling authority, was no longer effective in the presence of Christianity. So, in this period, many Christians who were killed as government efforts to crush the Roman Christianity. The main spreaders of Christianity at that time was the Apostle Paul, the most intense spread Christianity to every corner of the world.
Dark Ages
During this period, came the dark period (192-284), ranging from Emperor Commodus to the Emperor Diocletian. During this period people were losing confidence in the concept of direct remuneration principles adopted in Paganism, and Christianity became more popular. Until finally in 313, Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity, and even ask for the baptized, and 80 years later, Emperor Theodosius banned all forms of paganism and establish Christianity as the state religion.
As the official state religion of Christianity spread very rapidly. But the Church also began a fragmented with the emergence of various schools (heresy). One of the efforts to suppress heresy is the holding of the first Council of Nicea in 325 AD The Council of Nicaea trigger recognition of the Christian faith was first overall, as a sign of Christian unity universal as distinguished from the people of Christian heresy. One example is the Arian heresy, which is one of the greatest heresy crisis was the main reason for the holding of the first Council of Nicea.
When the Roman Empire collapsed and scattered, the Christian Church survived. In the 11th century there was the Crusades, in which cruelty crusade soldier became Christian dark history that still a lot of regrets. Crusade is a religious war between Christianity and Islam. Was first coined by Pope Urban II, Crusade I aim to retake the holy city of Jerusalem from Muslim rule, which is an important place of Christian pilgrimage destination at that time.
Meanwhile, the eastern part of the Roman Empire, survive as a church called the Greek or Orthodox, who preach the good news in Russia and broke away from the western hemisphere which is under the leadership of the Church of Rome. This separation occurred in 1054.
Meanwhile, in 1460 the discovery of printing by Gutenberg made the Bible accessible to everyone. Previously, the Scriptures are limited by the Church to the people in order to suppress heresy, which is one major crisis in the Church at that time. Just read the Bible in the Church and become a source of sermon.
At that time, many parties are not responsible for utilizing the position in the Western Church (Catholic) as a source of power, thus indirectly tarnished the good name of the Church. High-ranking officers in the Church increasingly influenced to prioritize so that the more worldly interests diverge from the basic teachings of the Catholic Church. Many actors who occupy important positions in the Church of using its power arbitrarily to the detriment of many people at that time. This makes a lot of disappointed and Christians protesting and demanding reform. Many people who think that one way to bring renewal in the Church is to give the Scriptures to all people.
Disunity
Opening of Luther's 95 Theses
The peak of the abuse of the Church's teaching begins with the sale of indulgences. The practice itself is actually contrary to the teachings of the Catholic Church's faith. Martin Luther, a monk, decided to do a renewal with a rebellion against the Catholic Church with Luther nailed the 95 Theses on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, October 31, 1517, and build a new rival church. While Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuit order in the Catholic Church, trying to reform from within, one of which is to provide a strict Christian theological education to clergy, especially in full obedience to authority and the teachings of the Church, for corrupt practices in the Church and not be reduced -so. Trent is a council that was held as a reaction to Martin Luther's reformation, in which the reforms of Martin Luther regarded by the Catholic Church as an act of aggravating the condition of Christianity. In the Council of Trent was the teachings of the Catholic Church reaffirmed faith (including the last canon of the Catholic Bible) in order to suppress and reduce various kinds of abuse are arbitrary in the body of the Church.
When Martin Luther translated the Bible into German, his followers began to have different views of Scripture, and there was a conflict of interpretation between people with each other, one case is the conflict between his reformed Protestant denominations and denominations Zwingli Anabaptist, Calvinist reformed her with Arminians, and much more. This is what makes the Protestant Christian religion is now much more fragmented into denominations anymore.